ABSTRACT. There is currently a lack of information in the literature on the integrated production of macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) and soybean (Glycine max) crops, and the importance of expanding integrated production systems; therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the effects of macauba shading on growth, development, and productivity of different soybean cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (4 × 2), with four cultivars and two production systems (monoculture and crop-forest integration), and four replicates per treatment. All soybean cultivars in the crop-forest integration system showed plant stagnation due to the shade level of the palm trees, as well as a reduction in the leaf area index and chlorophyll content in the leaves. Regarding reproductive parameters, grain, and oil yield, the cultivars responded differently between the production systems, revealing an interaction between the genotype and the environment. Our methodology was not favorable to soybean production; therefore, the management of spacing between palm trees and the selection of soybean genotypes that are more adapted to shaded environments are strategies that can allow for the integrated production of these species.

Resumo Procedimentos e metodologias que permitam avaliar a qualidade e a uniformidade das mudas são fundamentais para a homogeneização dos lotes em viveiros florestais e o sucesso dos plantios para reflorestamento. Foi conduzido um estudo com o objetivo de avaliar as correlações entre a alocação de biomassa e o índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD) para mudas de seis espécies arbóreas nativas da Mata Atlântica, bem como selecionar indicadores de qualidade que mais influenciam o IQD e que possam ser utilizados de maneira prática e precisa para a avaliação da qualidade de mudas florestais nativas. Foram utilizadas mudas de seis espécies arbóreas tropicais: Calophyllum brasiliense, Eriotheca macrophylla, Inga laurina, Psidium cattleyanum, Roupala montana e Sloanea obtusifolia. Foram avaliados a massa seca de folhas (MSF), os caules (MSC) e as raízes (MSR), além da altura da parte aérea (H) e diâmetro do coleto (D). A partir dessas variáveis, foram calculadas as razões de massa de raízes (RMR), caules (RMC) e folhas (RMF), além da massa seca total (MST), a massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), a razão de massa seca da parte aérea por massa seca de raízes (MSPA/MSR), a razão altura da parte aérea por diâmetro do coleto (H/D) e o IQD. Os resultados foram analisados mediante análises de correlação. Com base nas condições em que este estudo foi realizado é possível concluir que: (a) as diferenças entre os valores médios do IQD das espécies estudadas não foram explicadas pelo padrão de alocação de biomassa característico de cada espécie; (b) a MSR, a MST e o D são as melhores variáveis para predizer o comportamento do IQD das mudas das espécies florestais analisadas neste estudo; e (c) pelo fato de ser um método não destrutivo, o D pode ser considerado como o melhor indicador prático para estimar os valores de IQD de lotes de mudas de espécies florestais da Mata Atlântica.

Abstract Procedures and methodologies for evaluating the quality and uniformity of seedlings are essential for homogenizing lots in forest nurseries and successful planting for reforestation. A study was made in order to evaluate the correlations between the allocation of biomass and the Dickson Quality Index (IQD) for seedlings from six native tree species of the Atlantic Forest as well as to select quality indicators that most affect the IQD and which can be used in a practical and precise fashion for the evaluation of native forest seedlings. Seedlings from six tropical forest species were used: Calophyllum brasiliense, Eriotheca macrophylla, Inga laurina, Psidium cattleyanum, Roupala montana and Sloanea obtusifolia. The following characteristics were evaluated: dry leaf (MSF), dry stem (MSC) and dry root (MSR) mass, as well as the aerial part height (H) and the stem diameter (D). Based on these variables, the following calculations were made: ratios of root (RMR), stem (RMC) and leaf (RMF) mass, as well as the total dry mass (MST), that of the aerial part (MSPA), the ratio of the aerial part dry mass to the dry root mass (MSPA/MSR), and that of the aerial part height to the stem diameter (H/D), and the IQD. The results were analyzed via correlation analyses. Based on the conditions of this study it is possible to conclude that: (a) the differences between the average IQD values of the species studied were not explained by the allocation pattern of biomass characterizing each species; (b) the MSR, MST and the D are the best variables for predicting the IQD of the seedlings from the forest species analyzed in this study; and (c) because it is a non-destructive method, D can be considered the best practical indicator for estimating IQD values for Atlantic Forest seedling species lots.